The changing climate will inevitably affect the basic requirements for maintaining health: clean air and water, sufficient food and adequate shelter. In 2004, the geologist and historian of science Naomi Oreskes summarized a study of the scientific literature on climate change. Now they contend that the looming warming will be minuscule and harmless. The survey was made up of 76 questions split into a number of sections. It is clear that major efforts are necessary to quickly and strongly reduce CO2 emissions. There is now convincing evidence that since the industrial revolution, human activities, resulting in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have become a major agent of climate change ... On-going and increased efforts to mitigate climate change through reduction in greenhouse gases are therefore crucial. None of the abstracts disagreed with the consensus position, which the author found to be "remarkable". [25][26], A 2004 article by geologist and historian of science Naomi Oreskes summarized a study of the scientific literature on climate change. This website is produced by the Earth Science Communications Team at, Site Editor: [99], In February 2007, after the release of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report, the Royal Meteorological Society issued an endorsement of the report. The views expressed by contributors are their own and not the view of The Hill . In November 2009, a letter to the Canadian Parliament by The Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society states: Rigorous international research, including work carried out and supported by the Government of Canada, reveals that greenhouse gases resulting from human activities contribute to the warming of the atmosphere and the oceans and constitute a serious risk to the health and safety of our society, as well as having an impact on all life. A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change. Over the years, our observations have become more accurate, more precise, and more expensive. In 2006, the Geological Society of America adopted a position statement on global climate change. [87], Additionally, in 2008, the EGU issued a position statement on ocean acidification which states, "Ocean acidification is already occurring today and will continue to intensify, closely tracking atmospheric CO2 increase. [140] This study was criticised in 2016 by Richard Tol [147], but strongly defended by a companion paper in the same volume. [148], A 2012 analysis of published research on global warming and climate change between 1991 and 2012 found that of the 13,950 articles in peer-reviewed journals, only 24 rejected anthropogenic global warming. There is increasingly unambiguous evidence of changing climate in Canada and around the world. [47], There is an extensive discussion in the scientific literature on what policies might be effective in responding to climate change. Given the potential threat to marine ecosystems and its ensuing impact on human society and economy, especially as it acts in conjunction with anthropogenic global warming, there is an urgent need for immediate action." This article mostly focuses on the views of natural scientists. [145] A web link with a unique identifier was given to each respondent to eliminate multiple responses. \"Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.\" (2009)2 1. Seventy-five per cent of the abstracts were placed in the first three categories (either explicitly or implicitly accepting the consensus view); 25% dealt with methods or paleoclimate, thus taking no position on current anthropogenic climate change. A total of 375 responses were received giving an overall response rate of 18%. [26] Similarly, in response to James Delingpole, Monbiot stated that his Spectator article was "the usual conspiracy theories [...] working to suppress the truth, which presumably now includes virtually the entire scientific community and everyone from Shell to Greenpeace and The Sun to Science. Equally, it seems likely that as warming continues some areas may experience less precipitation leading to drought. In some countries like the United States of America, 40% of Americans believe that climate change is a hoax in spite of the fact that most climate scientists agree it is not. [13] They found that, while 66.4% of them expressed no position on anthropogenic global warming (AGW), of those that did, 97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are contributing to global warming.

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